Applications of Chemical and Biofertilizers On Yield, and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Quality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v13i1.1656Keywords:
Wheat, Nitrogen, Blue Green Algae, Azotobacter, Yeild and QualityAbstract
To reduce using conventional fertilizer and enhance wheat cultivation sustainability while recorded high production and quality. The study was performed to investigate the applications of integrated conventional and biofertilizers on yield and bread wheat grain quality. Eco-friendly biofertilizers are an essential component of agriculture sustainability and a promising alternative to conventional nitrogen fertilizers. Impacts of four fertilizer treatments consisted of, i.e., T1 Control recommended 75 kg Nitrogen/fed, T2 50 kg Nitrogen /fed + 10 kg/fed blue-green algae, T3 Azotobacter 10 kg/fed + 50 kg Nitrogen /fed and T4 50 kg N/fed + 10 kg blue-green algae + 10 kg Azotobacter. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications and observed that T4 recorded the early days to 50% heading and early days to maturity compared to T1 Control recommended 75 kg N/fed. Plant height and flag leaf area recorded significant increase values under T4. Number of grains per spike, number of spike/square meter, spike length, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield recorded increases under 450 kg N/fed + 10 Kg blue-green algae + 10 Kg Azotobacter. Crude protein enhanced under plants received 50 Kg N/fed + 10 Kg blue-green algae + 10 Kg Azotobacter in comparison to the control. In conclusion, for sustainable wheat cultivation, the integrated application of biofertilizers and conventional significantly increases wheat yield and enhances grain quality under experimental conditions. Thus, the use of biofertilizer led to a significant increase in soil fertility, yield, and wheat grain quality.
References
[1] Taha, A. A.; T. M. El-Zehery; A. Abd El-Aal and T. El-khadrwy (2017). Comparative of some microorganisms on sandy soil fertility, and wheat productivity. J. Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., Mansoura Univ., 8 (5): 203-208. 10.21608/jssae.2017.37263
[2] Tadesse, W., Sanchez-Garcia, M., Assefa, S. G., Amri, A., Bishaw, Z., Ogbonnaya, F. C., & Baum, M. (2019). Genetic gains in wheat breeding and its role in feeding the world. Crop Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.20900/cbgg20190005
[3] Fischer, R. A. (2020). Advances in the potential yield of grain crops. Population, agriculture, and biodiversity: problem s and prospects. Uni of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri, 149-180.
[4] Gheith, E.S.M.S., S.A. Safina, O.Z. El-Badry, and M.A.A. Saboon (2021). Response of the wheat cultivars to different nitrogen levels, seeding rates and their combination: 4- Yield and quality. Bio. and Mol. Bio., 22 (71-72): 296-306. 10.36106/paripex
[5] Al Tawaha, A. R. M., Karnwal, A., Pati, S., Al-Tawaha, A. R., Upadhyay, A. K., Singh, A., & Rashid, R. (2025). Biofertilizers: a sustainable solution for enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity. In Sustainable Agriculture under Drought Stress (pp. 209-217). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-23956-4.00014-4
[6] Sah, Nishtha, Supriya Pandey, and Sumit Rai. (2023). Biofertilizers and Its Role in Eco restoration: An Overview. Biotica Research Today 5.1: 32-36.
[7] Nosheen, S., Ajmal, I., & Song, Y. (2021). Microbes as biofertilizers, a potential approach for sustainable crop production. Sustainability, 13(4), 1868. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041868
[8] Amany S. Al-Erwy, A. Al-Toukhy and S. O. Bafeel. (2016). Effect of chemical, organic and bio Fertilizers on photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates and minerals of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Irrigated with Sea Water. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 296-310. http://s-o-i.org/1.15/ijarbs-2016-3-2-40
[9] Aasafar, A.; Bargaz, A.; Yaakoubi, K.; Hilali, A.; Bennis, I.; Zeroual, Y.; Meftah Kadmiri, I. (2021). Nitrogen fixing Azotobacter species as potential soil biological enhancers for crop nutrition and yield stability. Front. Microbiol. 2021, 12, 354. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.628379
[10] Sahoo, R.K.; M. W. Ansari, T. K. Dangar, S. Mohanty and N. Tuteja (2014). Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of efficient nitrogen fixing Azotobacter strains from rice fields for crop improvement. Protoplasma (251), 511-523. DOI 10.1007/s00709-013-0547-2
[11] Bangash, N., Mahmood, S., Akhtar, S., Hayat, M. T., Gulzar, S., & Khalid, A. (2021). Formulation of biofertilizer for improving growth and yield of wheat in rain dependent farming system. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 24, 101806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101806
[12] AOAC (1995(. Association of Official Analysis Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis”,15Th ed., Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
[13] Yang D, Liu Y, Cheng H et al (2016). Genetic dissection of flag leaf morphology in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under diverse water regimes. BMC Genet 17:1–15. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1186/s12863- 016- 0399-9.
[14] Liu Y, Tao Y, Wang Z et al (2018b). Identification of QTL for flag leaf length in common wheat and their pleiotropic effects. Mol Breed 38:1. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s11032- 017- 0766-x
[15] Al-Otayk, S.M.; AL-Soqeer, A.A.; Menshawy, A.E.M.; Motawei, M.I. Evaluation of some bread wheat genotypes popular in Saudi Arabia under drought stress. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 2019, 13, 1892–1900. doi/10.3316/informit.932585915823835
[16] LIU, H.E., WANG, Q.Y., RENGEL, Z. & ZHAO, P. 2015. Zinc fertilization alters flour protein composition of winter wheat genotypes varying in gluten content. Plant, Soil and Environment, 61: 195-200, 10.17221/817/2014-PSE.
[17] Metzner, H.; H. Rau and H. Senger (1965). Untersuchungen Zur synchronisier borkeit einzlener pigment mangel mutanten Von Chlorela. Planta., (65): 186-192. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23365689
[18] Chander, K. and C. Brookes (1991). Is the dehydrogenase assay invalid to estimate microbial activity in copper-contaminated soils? Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 23(10) 909-915. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(91)90170-O
[19] Gomez, K. A. and A. A. Gomez (1984). Statistical procedures for Agricultural Research., (2nd ed.), pp.20-29&359-387.John Wiley& Sons, Inc. New York 10158, USA.
[20] Steel, R.G.D., Torrie, J.H. and Dickey, D.A. (1997). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 3. Boston. McGraw-Hill.
[21] Basu, S., Rabara, R., and Negi, S. (2017). Towards a better greener future – an alternative strategy using biofertilizers. I: Plant growth promoting bacteria. Plant Gene 12, 43-49. doi: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.07.004.
[22] Pagnani, G., Galieni, A., Stagnari, F., Pellegrini, M., Del Gallo, M., and Pisante, M. (2020). Open field inoculation with PGPR as a strategy to manage fertilization of ancient Triticum genotypes. Biol. Fert. Soils. 56, 111–124. doi: 10.1007/ s00374-019-01407-1
[23] Game. B. C., B. M. Ilhe, V. S. Pawar and P. P. Khandagale (2020). Effect of azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potash mobilizing bacteria inoculants on productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 9 (03): 2800-2807. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.903.322
[24] Taha, N. M. and R. M. El-Shahat (2017). Influence of azolla, some blue green algae strains and humic acid on soil, growth, productivity, fruit quality and storability of "Canino" apricot cultivar grown under clay loamy soil. J. Plant Production, Mansoura Univ.; 8 (1): 1-110. DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2017.37461
[25] Hauk, F. I. A. A.; A. E. I. Sleem; Gehan M. S. Salem and F. M. Ghazal (2008). the novel of using cyanobacteria and azotobacter as biofertilizer for wheat crop production. J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 33 (12): 8851- 8863. 10.21608/jacb.2008.200756
[26] Tantawy, Eman A. (2006). Response of maize to Azotobacter and cyanobacteria inoculation under sandy soil condition. Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 21 (5): 359-374.
[27] Shaalan, Ahmed, Mohamed A. Attia, and Mohamed A. Hassan. (2019). Response of some wheat cultivars to sowing dates and biofertilizers under north west coast of egypt. Egyptian Journal of Agronomy 0 (0): 0-0. https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2019.19247.1192.
[28] El-Naggar, N. Z. (2018). Impact of cultivars, bio-fertilizer and n fertilizer levels on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 45(6), 1843-1854. DOI: 10.21608/zjar.2018.47722
[29] Stamenković, S., Beškoski, V., Karabegović, I., Lazić, M., and Nikolić, N. (2018). Microbial fertilizers: a comprehensive review of current findings and future perspectives. Span. J. Agric. Res. 16 (1), e09R01. doi: 10.5424/sjar/2018161-12117
[30] Dal Cortivo, C., Ferrari, M., Visioli, G., Lauro, M., Fornasier, F., Barion, G., & Vamerali, T. (2020). Effects of seed-applied biofertilizers on rhizosphere biodiversity and growth of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the field. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 72. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00072
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tamara Sabah Hadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
