Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Organic and Mineral Fertilization (NPK) in Improving the Vegetative and Productive Traits of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v13i2.1672Keywords:
Strawberry, Organic Fertilization, Mineral Fertilization, Vegetative Traits, Productive TraitsAbstract
Ruminant The study was conducted in an unheated plastic greenhouse at the University of Tikrit (2022–2023) to evaluate the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) productivity. Organic treatments included mushroom waste (M1), poultry manure (M2), and a control, combined with three NPK mineral fertilizer levels (0, 0.75, and 1 g L⁻¹). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used, and data were analyzed using L.S.D at the 0.05 probability level. Results showed that M1 produced the highest number of leaves (31.19 leaves plant⁻¹), compared to M2 (28.59) and the control (27.69). For mineral fertilization, 1 g L⁻¹ resulted in 30.25 leaves plant⁻¹, higher than 0.75 g L⁻¹ (26.22), while 0 g L⁻¹ gave 30.94. No significant interaction was found between organic and mineral fertilization for this trait. Average leaf area showed no significant differences among organic treatments (32.78–35.11 cm²) or mineral levels (33.89–34.67 cm²). Leaf nitrogen (0.996–1.334%) and phosphorus (0.11699–0.12213%) contents also showed no significant variation. In contrast, leaf potassium content was significantly affected. M2 recorded the highest value (1.643%), followed by M1 (1.375%), while the control gave the lowest (1.028%). For mineral fertilization, 0 g L⁻¹ (1.433%) outperformed 0.75 (1.363%) and 1 g L⁻¹ (1.303%). A significant interaction was observed for potassium content, with L.S.D values confirming the combined influence of organic and mineral fertilization.
References
E. B. S. Ewulo, S. O. Ojeniyi, and D. A. Akanni, "Effect of Poultry Manure on Selected Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Growth, Yield and Nutrient Status of Tomato," African Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 612–616, 2008.
F. Giampieri, S. Tulipani, J. M. Alvarez-Suarez, J. L. Quiles, B. Mezzetti, and M. Battino, "The Strawberry: Composition, Nutritional Quality, and Impact on Human Health," Nutrition, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 9–19, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.009.
J. F. Hancock, Strawberries. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing, 1999.
P. Marschner, Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 3rd ed. London, UK: Academic Press, 2012.
K. Möller, "Influence of Different Manuring Systems with and without Biogas Digestion Residues on Soil Organic Matter and Nitrogen Inputs, Balances and Soil Fertility," Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 204–218, 2009.
S. Savci, "An Agricultural Pollutant: Chemical Fertilizer," International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 77–80, 2012.
R. H. Zhang, X. Li, and M. Fenton, "Potential Use of Spent Mushroom Substrate as a Soil Amendment and Nutrient Source," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 419, pp. 283–289, 2012.
O. P. Ahlawat and M. P. Sagar, "Management of Mushroom Crop Residues for Sustainable Soil Health," Indian Journal of Mushroom, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 37–44, 2007.
M. M. Hussein and S. Radwan, "Effect of Chicken Manure on Soil Properties and Growth of Some Crops," Egyptian Journal of Soil Science, vol. 41, no. 1–2, pp. 113–126, 2001.
E. Liu, C. Yan, X. Mei, Y. Zhang, T. Fan, and N. C. Turner, "Long-Term Effect of Chemical Fertilizer, Straw, and Manure on Soil Chemical and Biological Properties in Northwest China," Geoderma, vol. 158, no. 3–4, pp. 173–180, 2014.
P. Marschner, Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 3rd ed. London, UK: Academic Press, 2012.
K. Mengel and E. A. Kirkby, Principles of Plant Nutrition, 5th ed. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
A. Sharma and R. Singh, "Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Strawberry," Indian Journal of Horticulture, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 210–214, 2011.
X. Zhao, Z. Chen, and Z. Shen, "Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrate on Growth and Yield of Crops: A Review," Plant and Soil, vol. 426, no. 1–2, pp. 345–362, 2016.
M. L. Morgan, Hydroponic Strawberry Production: A Technical Guide to the Hydroponic Production of Strawberries. Tokomaru, New Zealand: Suntec (NZ) Ltd, 2006, p. 118.
M. L. Jackson, Soil Chemical Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1958, pp. 225–276.
S. R. Olsen and L. E. Sommers, "Phosphorus," in Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, 2nd ed., A. L. Page, Ed. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 1982, pp. 403–430.
F. H. Al-Sahaf, Applied Plant Nutrition. Baghdad, Iraq: Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Baghdad – Bayt Al-Hikma, 1989.
W. Abu-Gharbieh, "Practical Applications of Soil Solarization for Protected Agriculture," in Expert Consultation Meeting on Integrated Production and Protection Management for Protected Agriculture in the Arabian Peninsula, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Arabian Peninsula Regional Program, ICARDA, 2000.
M. A. Morsi, H. A. Taufiq, and A. A. Abdel-Gawad, Fundamentals of Agricultural Research. Cairo, Egypt: Anglo-Egyptian Library, 1968, p. 631.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Barazan Ali Huossein, Ahmed Majeed Ghareeb
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
