Generative Propagation of Teak (Tectona grandis. Linn. F sp.) Using Seeding Method


  • (1) * Salih Soood Yagoub            Universitas Of Diyala  
            Iraq

    (*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

In the Diyla area, fourteen ground water samples were obtained for this study in high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles that had been previously cleaned and filled with diluted HNO3. To prevent cross-contamination, the bottles were rinsed with the same water that would be used for the sample. Using normal procedures, each sample was examined for five parameters: TDS, Ca, Mg, No3, So4, and F (APHA, 1995). Using the Trimble Juno 3D Handheld, the sampling sites' geographic locations are gathered. Electrical Conductivity (EC) was used to compute Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Spectronics 21 (Model BAUSCH AND LOMB) was used to measure nitrates (NO3-) and sulphates (SO4-2). Standard AgNO3 was used to estimate chloride (Cl-), and an Orion ion analyzer with an ion-selective electrode was used to analyse fluoride (F-). With the exception of pH and EC, all the parameters are presented in mg/l. The unit of EC expression is micro Siemens/cm.  

References

Ghassemi, F., Jakeman, A. J., and Nix, H. A. (1995). ‘Salinisation of Land and Water Resources: Human Causes, Extent, Management and Case Studies.’ (University of NSW Press: Sydney.)

Vengosh, A., and Rosenthal, E. (1994). Saline groundwater in Israel: is bearing on the water crisis in the country. Journal of Hydrology 156, 389–430.

Nativ, R., Adar, E., Dahan, O., and Nissim, I. (1997). Water salinization in arid regions – observations from the Negev desert, Israel. Journal of Hydrology 196, 271–96.

Allison, G. B., Cook, P. G., Barnett, S. R., Walker, G. R., Jolly, I. D., and Hughes, M. W. (1990). Land clearance and river salinisation in the western Murray Basin, Australia. Journal of Hydrology 119, 1–20

Herczeg, A. L., Simpson, H. J., and Mazor, E., (1993). Transport of soluble salts in a large semi-arid basin: River Murray, Australia. Journal of Hydrology 144, 59–84.

Jolly, I. D. Williamson, D. R., Gilfedder, M., Walker, G. R., Morton, R., Robinson, G., Jones, H., Zhang, L., Dowling, T. I., Dyce, P., Nathan, R. J., Nandakumar, N., Clarke, R., and McNeill, V. (2001). Historical stream salinity trends and catchment salt balances in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 52, 53–63

Chebotarev, I. I. (1955). Metamorphism of natural waters in the crust of weathering – 1. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 8, 22–47.

Edmunds, W. M., Bath, A. H., and Miles, D. L. (1982). Hydrochemical evolution of the East Midlands Triassic sandstone aquifer, England. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 46, 2069-2081

Mazor, E. (1997). ‘Chemical and Isotopic Groundwater Hydrology, the Applied Approach.’ (Marcel Dekker: London.)

Schwartz, F. W., Muehlenbachs, K., and Chorley, D. W. (1981). Flow-system control on the chemical evolution of groundwater. Journal of Hydrology 54, 225–43.

Edmunds, W. M., Bath, A. H., and Miles, D. L. (1982). Hydrochemical evolution of the East Midlands Triassic sandstone aquifer, England. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 46, 2069-2081.

Thomas, J. M., Welch, A. H., and Preissler, A. M. (1989). Geochemical evolution of groundwater in Smith Creek Valley – a hydrologically closed basin in central Nevada, USA. Applied Geochemistry 4, 493–510.

Love, A. J., Herczeg, A .L., Armstrong, D., Stadter, M. F., and Mazor, E. (1993). Groundwater flow regime within the Gambier embayment of the Otway basin, South Australia: evidence from hydraulics and hydrochemistry. Journal of Hydrology 143, 297– 338.

K. R. Reddy, Y. Wang, W. F. DeBusk, M. M. Fisher, S. Newman, Forms of Soil Phosphorus in Selected Hydrologic Units of the Florida Everglades, Volume62, Issue4 July-August 1998 Pages 1134-1147

Picture in here are illustration from public domain image (License) or provided by the author, as part of their works
Published
2024-12-31
 
How to Cite
Yagoub, S. S. (2024). Generative Propagation of Teak (Tectona grandis. Linn. F sp.) Using Seeding Method. Nabatia, 12(2), 80-94. https://doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v12i2.1643
Section
Articles